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History Of The Cherry Tree

There are only a few instances in the ancientof the United States. There are efforts to
historical record concerning cherry trees.hybridize the desirable genes of this cherry
This absence in the record perhaps resultedinto existing clones of commercial cherry
in the fragile nature and perishability ofcultivars. The problem with this native
the fruit, unlike the fruit from the applecherry tree is that all parts of the tree and
tree. There are strong suggestions that thefruit contain the deadly toxin cyanogens,
cherry tree originated in the territories ofwhich have caused death and illness to
Asia Minor near the Black Sea and the Caspianchildren from cyanide poisoning in the fruit,
Sea. Other suggestions that the cherry treeseven though birds don't appear to be affected
were used in the Greek and Roman culturesfrom  eating  the  fruit.
come from literary historians, and it appears
that cherry wood from the trees of cherry wasCherry trees in orchard situations grow 10 to
important in many professional applications15 feet tall to manage the fruit harvesting
for  the  ancients.properly, even though the can grow to 30 feet
if not pruned. Cherry trees are very cold
Among the fruit seeds that were sent in 1628hardy down to negative 20 degrees Fahrenheit,
to the settlement at Plymouth, Massachusetts,and require approximately one thousand or
by the Massachusetts bay Colony were cherry,more chill hours for an abundant fruit set.
peach , plum, filbert, apple, quince, andPollination is not a great problem with
pomegranate and "according to accounts, theycherry tree production. Rootstock selection
sprung  up  and  flourished."for cherry trees is "Mazzard," Prunus
mahaleb, or "Gisela" or the recent Geissen,
William Bartram found bird cherry, PrunusGerman  rootstocks.
padus, growing near Augusta, Georgia in 1773
as reported in his book, Travels, when he wasThe principal cherry commercial fruits grown
taking an inventory of plants growing in thein the United States are the sour cherries,
South after the Spaniards abandoned and cededPrunus cerasus L., that make up 99% of all
the  land  to  the  English.production. These cherries are important in
baking cherry pies and cherry tarts, as well
Luther Burbank, two centuries later, believedas  in  frozen  fruit  packs  or  in canning.
that the bird cherry should be incorporated
into the parentage of future cherry hybrids,The most famous sour cherry is the
because it was the most cold hardy cherry"Maraschino" cherry that is used in cherry
known; with its heavy bearing characteristicspies, cakes, juices, jams, jellies, mixed
and its immunity to most insect and diseasedrinks, ice cream, and a host of other ways.
problems of the cherry trees already inThis cherry is bright red in color and
commercial pipelines, it was the hardiestcommonly seen on grocery store shelves in
cherry  tree  yet.clear  glass  jars  and  bottles.
In 1847, Henderson Lewelling brought toSweet cherry cultivars, Prunus avium L., are
Oregon in a covered wagon "cherry trees,increasingly in demand and sold at U.S.
apples,  pear,  plum,  and  quince."markets. Bing cherries are well known as a
fresh fruit item. This cherry is dark
Luther Burbank, in his extensive book, Fruitpurple-red and is firm and has excellent
Improvement in 1922, combined characteristicsshipping qualities. Other important sweet
from the Sand cherry tree, Prunus besseyi,cherries are 'Napoleon' and 'Ranier,' a USDA
with the American plum, Prunus chickasaw, andrelease that is bright red with yellow
the Japanese plum, Prunus triflora, thatundertones in the background. The Lambert
ripened in California around mid-August.cherry is good to use in canning as is the
Burbank described the fruit as deep crimsonStella. The Black Tartarian cherry is a sweet
in color, transparent flesh, rich sweetcherry commonly available from mailorder and
flavor, juicy and firm with a stronginternet  catalogs.
resemblance of the parental form of the
American plum, Prunus chickasaw. ThisCherries are rated high in antioxidant levels
cherry-plum hybrid was able to withstand thethat offer great health benefits such as
cold and rigorous climatic conditions, eventreating Gout. Many internet sites promote
to  the  Dakotas.fresh cherry consumption as being the miracle
cure and fast recovery from attacks of Gout.
Professor N.E. Hansen of the South DakotaSome internet sites offer concentrated cherry
Experiment Station developed and improved theextracts and powders of dried cherries as a
Sand cherry, Prunus besseyi, that wascure. Cherries offer other health benefits in
marketed as the "Improved Dwarf Rockytheir high content of Vitamin A, Vitamin B1,
Mountain Cherry," with fruit growing as largeVitamin B2, Vitamin C, Niacin, and the
as the Richmond cherry. Luther Burbank arguedminerals Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, and
in his 1922 book, Fruit Improvement page 149,Potassium.
that this Sand cherry tree was more truly a
plum  tree.Japanese flowering cherry trees are the most
widely adapted and popular flowering tree
Cherries are usually marketed with the stemgrowing in the United States today. The
still attached to the fruit. When canned ormulti-colored flowers of Yoshino cherry,
preserved, the stems are customarily removedPrunux x yodoensis, and Kwanzan cherry are
from the cherry. Hybridizers such as Lutherseen early in the season, and the buds open
Burbank concentrated on improving severalinto clusters of abundant, long lasting
characteristics that were important inflowers that dominate the landscape of our
marketing the fruit: the size, color, flavor,nation's capitol , Washington, D.C. Japanese
and sweetness. Burbank produced one cultivarflowering cherry trees Prunus serrulata
so rich in sugar and it hung on the tree,'Kwanzan' were planted in Washington D.C. as
instead of the rapid decay, after ripening ona gift of the Japanese people to American
the tree as experienced with most cherrycitizens, largely through the efforts of
cultivars.President Taft's wife, the first lady.
Thousands of these Japanese cherry trees were
Cold hardiness was considered to be veryplanted, and many tourists flock to the
important in cherry tree hybridization andCapitol in the spring to experience that
Burbank used the bird cherry, Prunusflowering extravaganza. Cherry blossom
pennsylvanica, that had withstoodfestivals, celebrations, and get-togethers
temperatures of negative 60 degreesare held yearly in cities throughout the
Fahrenheit near Hudson Bay as one parent ofcountry, when cherry trees are in flower to
the cherry hybrid, since it was considered tocrown "Cherry Queens" and to schedule beauty
be the most cold hardy of all cherry trees.pageants.
In considering the many disease and insect
problems that cherries experienced, BurbankThe most popular Japanese flowering cherry
suggested that hybridizers concentrate ontrees are Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan'; Akebono
breeding immunity genes into cherries toCherry, Prunus x yedoensis 'Akebono'; Weeping
bypass "spraying and gassing." Burbank isJapenese Cherry, Prunus subhirtella var.
greatly admired for his strong environmentalpendula; Takesimensis cherry, Prunus
stand  by  modern  day  conservationists.takesimensis; Usuzeumi Cherry, Prunus
spachiana f. ascendens; Autumn Flowering
The common wild black cherry, PrunusCherry, Prunus subhirtella var. autumnalis;
serotina, is found growing in most of EasternSargent Cherry, Prunus sargentii; Fugenzo
North America. The small cherries are grownCherry, Prunus serrulata 'Fugenzo' and Okame
in great abundance and are reliably producedCherry, Prunus 'Okame'.
in large crops, even in the coldest regions



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