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The Patriotic History of the Stars and Stripes

On that historic day, the flag of the Unitedstars would be arranged and all flags must
States of America came into existence andagree with the Presidential proclamation. New
this form remains unchanged to the presentstates were constantly being admitted to the
day. Just who designed the first flag or whoUnion and the United States had thirteen
made it is a question still debated bynational flags between 1817 and 1861. During
historians. Some believe that Betsy Rossthe Civil War, we had another two flags with
designed the first flag, although claims havethe admission of Kansas and West Virginia.
also been made that Francis Hopkinson, aUnion troops fought under a 33-star flag
Congressman, designed and made the firstduring the first three months of the war; a
flag. Historical records do show that Betsy34-star flag until 1863; and a 35-star flag
Ross made flags for the government in 1777,until the end of the war. President Lincoln
but whether she made the first United Statesrefused to take out the stars of the southern
flag will probably always remain in doubt. Instates which had seceded. After the war had
1782, the Congress of the confederationended, the nation began to move west.
reaffirmed the choice of the ContinentalNebraska joined the Union in 1867; followed
Congress by stating that the national sealin 1877 by Colorado; 1890 by North Dakota,
and the flag would remain red, white andSouth Dakota, Montana, Washington and Idaho;
blue. Deeper meaning was also given to the1891 by Wyoming; 1896 by Utah; and 1908 by
flag and its design. The thirteen originalOklahoma. During this period of transition in
states would always be represented by thethe country, we had six more national flags.
seven red stripes and the six white ones.The twenty-third flag, adopted in 1896, was
However, they left open the question of howthe flag that we fought under during the
the stars on the blue union would beSpanish-American War in 1898. In 1912,
arranged. In 1777, Congress had not specifiedArizona and New Mexico were admitted to the
any particular design for the arrangement ofUnion and thus the United States needed
the stars and some flags had thirteen starsanother new flag. This was the twenty-fifth
in a circle. Others had twelve in a circleflag, adopted in 1912, and which lasted until
with the thirteenth in the center. By 17821959. The total of 47 years that this flag
though, almost all the national flags had theflew over the nation represents the longest
thirteen stars in a circle. In 1794, Vermontperiod of duration of any one flag of the
and Kentucky were admitted to the UnionUnited States. This flag was carried to the
bringing the number of states to fifteen.battlefields of World War I and World War II,
Congress ordered that all new flags wouldas well as the Korean War. In 1959, Alaska
carry fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, andwas admitted as the 49th state of the Union.
that a star and a stripe would be added asThe 49-star flag, adopted in 1959, was raised
each new state joined the Union. This wouldat 12:01 a.m. on July 4th, 1959, over Ft.
later prove to be too cumbersome and wouldMcHenry to signal the official admittance of
soon be abandoned. This flag, with itsAlaska. This flag lasted but a short while
fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, is thefor on July 4th, 1960, the United States
flag Americans carried in the War of 1812. Byraised the present 50-star flag signaling the
1817, The Union was expanded by five moreadmission of Hawaii as our 50th and last
states: Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indianastate. To date, we have had twenty-seven
and Mississippi. This expansion meant a newnational flags, and they have all flown in
flag. Samuel C. Reid, a navy captain,glory over this great nation, the United
redesigned the flag using the originalStates.27 Flags of the United States1st US
thirteen stripes and adding a star for eachFlag  1777-1795
of the twenty states. This idea was proposed
to Congress by Peter Wendover, aThe Betsy Ross Flag. To this day, the actual
representative from New York. It was passedmaker of this flag remains unknown. This
as the New Flag Act, and the date was set asalmost casually constructed national emblem
July 4th next after a new state had beenincorporated the unchanging design of
admitted to the Union as the day on which athirteen stripes with a thirteen-star union.
new flag would be flown. Congress again leftAlthough this claim is seriously in doubt,
open the question of how the stars might beBetsy Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress, is
arranged, so the design was left tosaid to have made the first American flag.
individual flag makers. In later years, theThis claim was first made by William J.
President has usually proclaimed how theCanby, her grandson, in 1870.



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