How Home Buyer Rebates Work

In today's tight housing market, many buyers aresuch as $1,000 in cash or a $1,000 gift certificate.
looking for ways to stretch their dollars far enough toHomebuyer rebates: To ban or not to ban?
make that dream home a reality. One little-knownAt the same time consumers are looking to rebates to
strategy that's gaining popularity with consumers is thehelp relieve the high cost of home buying, traditional
home buyer rebate. At the same time, rebates havereal estate brokers are trying - and succeeding in
become a hot-button legal issue for the traditional realsome cases - to prevent their use. Broker lobbying
estate industry and the U.S. Justice Department'sgroups around the nation, concerned about price
Antitrust Division.competition and downward pressure on commissions,
Buyer rebates are loved by consumers, at least thosehave successfully lobbied lawmakers in 10 states to
who know about them, because they can makemake home buyer rebates illegal. Four more states limit
getting into a home more affordable. More and morehome buyer rebates to credits at closing. Fortunately
so-called non-traditional real estate companies ¬-for Florida buyers enduring record-setting home prices,
those offering alternatives to full-service,rebates remain legal in the Sunshine State.
full-commission brokers - are offering to share theirIndustry watchers recently have looked to the state of
paydays with buyers. At the same time, manyKentucky to see where the rebate debate might lead.
traditional brokers around the nation are trying to blockIn March, the U.S. Department of Justice sued that
rebates because they threaten fat margins with pricestate's Real Estate Commission, alleging that its rebate
competition in the form of commission discounts.ban violated antitrust laws. The DOJ investigation
Since buyers pay the lion's share of closing costs inalleged that Kentucky's rebate ban may cost
addition to down payments, many are interested inconsumers "several thousand dollars" extra for each
receiving rebates to ease the cash crunch of movingreal estate transaction. In July, rebate fans received a
into a new home. This can be a real advantage forvictory when the DOJ and the Kentucky Real Estate
buyers who have a solid income and credit history, butCommission reached an agreement permitting rebates
little cash up front.in that state.
In this case, the term "rebate" is little confusingIf you're shopping for a rebate, get the facts:
because home buyers are not getting a portion of theirSome points to keep in mind if you are a home buyer
cash outlay back. The buyer representative (agent,looking to take advantage of rebates:
broker or both) is rebating a portion of his or her- Shop around. Some rebate programs included other
commission back to the buyer.buyer services, such as contract preparation or
The rebate process seems confusing to some buyersreview, or escrow services. Even in a sellers' market,
because it runs counter to the common belief thatbuyers have some leverage. After you have
home buyers don't pay real estate commissions. Inestablished the rebate amount, ask what else is in the
fact, commission costs are passed on to buyers aspackage to help simplify your purchase and control
part of the home's sales price. Buyer-agents typicallytransaction costs.
are paid half the standard 5-6 percent of sales price- Consider your tax picture. Getting a rebate in the
commission. That money doesn't come from thinform of funds applied to closing can be double-win
air...chances are that the sellers have factoredbecause that money may go untaxed when applied to
commission into their price. When traditional listingclosing costs. If the rebate or a portion of the rebate is
agents tell sellers not to stress over commissions,not available until after closing, it may need to be
because they can recover the costs through a higherreported as taxable income. Of course, this isn't an
sales price, someone is paying the freight.issue if you have plans for your rebate other than
So how do home buyer rebates work, and what's in itclosing costs. Be sure to consult your tax advisor for
for you?this and other tax consequences of home buying.
- In traditional real estate transactions, buyer- Rebates won't be available on many homes, including
representatives and seller representatives typicallysale-by-owner homes and some homes sold by
share commissions of 5 to 6 percent. Selling brokersdiscount brokers. That's because in these cases, the
usually offer half this commission to a broker whotraditional commission percentage and split - from
brings them a buyer. As an incentive to drum upwhich the rebate is derived - doesn't apply. Some real
business, some brokers now offer to rebate a portionestate companies don't offer buyer-agent
of their buyer-representative commission to homecommissions, and owners selling their own homes
buyers. For example, suppose you buy a $400,000probably are doing so to avoid commissions.
home on which the seller pays a six percentFinally, check to see if rebates are legal in your state.
commission. The buyer and seller representatives splitMoney Magazine's 2005 Real Estate Guide reported
the $24,000 commission evenly. In this case, a onethat rebates were banned in Alaska, New Jersey,
percent rebate means that the buyer representativeKansas, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Louisiana, South
receives $12,000 from which they pocket $8,000 andCarolina, Mississippi, West Virginia and Missouri.
"rebate" $4,000 back to the buyer.Rebates were reported as restricted to credits at
- Buyer rebates generally depend on the home's salesclosing in Alabama, South Dakota, Oregon and
price, total amount of commission and the commissionTennessee. If rebates aren't available in your state, you
split. Some rebates may be advertised as amight ask your buyer agent what incentives are
percentage of the buyer-representatives commission.available. After all, for being a smart buyer in today's
In the example above, the rebate is $4,000, or aboutchallenging real estate market, you deserve some
33 percent of the $12,000 buyer-side commission.type of reward.
Other companies offer fixed-amount buyer rebates,